任何一门语言都是由词构成句，句构成段，段构成篇。今天要分享的是句子成分的划分。懂得句子成分的划分，对你的阅读、写作、翻译甚至是你说的话都有帮助。
但是很多同学对于句子成分分析不甚了解，经常划分错误，那么理解出来的句子意思和作者的意图就相差甚远，题目也就容易出错……
今天，胡老师整理一个专题，专门讲解英语的句子结构和句子类型，以及通过长难句子成分的解析。想学习的小伙伴可以搬好小板凳继续往下看。
讲前考一考
１. This kind of skirt is very _________ (fashion).2. His suggestions are _________ (reason).3. It is ________(obviously ) that he won the match.4. That ‘s really a _________ (science ) method(方法)．5. there are too many ________ (art ) scenes in the park .6. We should do something to stop the _________ (globe) warming.7.With the ___________ (develop) of the science, we improve our living conditions greatly.8. European ________ (settle) began in 1840 when the British arrived.9. Have you made an ___________ (arrange) about your trip?10. Could you give me some _________ (suggest) on our plan?11. A cinema is a public place of ________ (entertain ).12.After sunset, the sky darkened ________ ( rapid )13. ________ ( fortunate ), they escaped from the big fire.14._________ ( general ) speaking, people in South China live on rice.15.His daughter is _______ ( serious ) ill, so he has to ask for leave.16.The car which was out of control _________ (violent ) hit the big tree.17.The typhoon is ________ (extreme ) strong.
英语句子的介绍与其重要性
句子是写作的基本单位，只有写好句子才有可能写好文章。英语的句子成分有八种，需要彻底掌握前7种：
主语、谓语动词、表语、宾语、定语、状语、宾语补足语、（主语补足语）。
学会判断句子成分对以后学习难句奠定了基础。
英语句子的构成也有其特定的规律，掌握了句子的基本句型、常见句式和词语的习惯搭配，就能写出完整、正确的句子。
句子成分与句子结构
定义 ：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；
主要成分：主语和谓语
次要成分：表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语、同位语
用人体结构讲句子结构（微视频制作作者：李国保老师）
本视频用人体结构这一新颖独特的方式来讲解句子结构，将抽象的语法形象化、具体化，值得学习！
什么情况下用it作形式主语？当不定式、动名词或从句在某个句子中作主语时，为保持句子结构前后平衡，避免头重脚轻，因此常用it作形式主语置于句首，而将真正的主语放在句尾。此时it只起先行引导作用，本身无词义。
△情态动词和助动词不能单独充当谓语,必须和实义动词或系动词一起构成谓语.They can speak English well.They are playing over there.
It作形式宾语，不定式是真正的宾语
宾语和宾语补足语一起构成动词的复合结构。
（八）主语补足语
如果上述结构变成被动语态，原宾语成为主语，原宾语补足语相应地变为主语补足语
I was elected captain of the team.Our country will be made strong.He died young. 他死时很年轻。（此句不是原宾补变过来的）She was called Lucy. 她名叫露西。He was seen to go upstairs.有人看见他上楼了。
独立成分
感叹词、应答词、呼语、插入语等，在句中可作独立成分，用逗号与其他成分隔开。
Oh, my god! 感叹词Come in, Mr Green. 呼语This , I think, is the best way to help them.插入语
分词独立主格结构
分词作状语时其逻辑主语与句子的主语一致! 否则应有自己的逻辑主语，构成分词独立结构。
例：错句：Studying hard,your score will go up.正确：(1) Studying hard,you can make your score go up.或 (2)If you study hard,your score will go up.
解析：错句中分词studying没有自带逻辑主语，则其逻辑主语就是句子的主语，既your score . 显然做study的应是人，不应是your score（分数）. 正确句(1)更正了句子的主语,使其与分词逻辑主语一致( 同为you );正确句(2)则使用条件分句带出study的主语,(不过已经不是分词结构了). 分词独立结构常省略being,having been.不过‘There being...’的场合不能省略.
如：He sat in front of them ,his dusty face masking his age. All things considered,the trip will have to be called off.Game (being) over,he went home.He stands there,book (being) in hand. 独立结构还可用with、without引导，作状语或定语。这种结构不但可以用分词，还可以用不定式、形容词、介词短语、副词或名词等。如：With nothing to do,he fell asleep 无事可做，他很快就睡着了。The teacher came in,with glasses on his 老师进来了，戴着一付眼镜。（注意，此句on his nose不可省略！）
句子类型
简单句
并列句
复合句：主句+从句
主句是一个完整的句子(independent sentence),它可以独立存在。从句是一个不完整的句子,它必须和一个主句连用，不能独立存在.
By the time he arrived,（从句）we had already left.（主句）
在复合句中，主要包含以下类型从句：1.名词性从句（主语从句 、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句）2.定语从句3.状语从句
There be 句型
说明：此句型是由“there+be+主语+状语”构成，用以表达存在关系可以称“……有……”。它其实是倒装的一种情况，主语位于谓语动词 be 之后，there 仅为引导词，并无实际语意。
此句型有时不用be动词，而用 live, stand, come, go, lie, remain, exist, arrive等。如：There stands a hill in the middle of the park.Once upon a time there lived an old king in the town.Be 与其后的主语在人称和数量上一致，有时态和情态变化。如：现在有 there is/are …过去有 there was/were…将来有 there will be…；there is /are going to be...现在已经有 there has/have been…可能有 there might be...肯定有 there must be …/there must have been...过去曾经有 there used to be …似乎有 there seems/seem/seemed to be …碰巧有 there happen/happens/happened to be …
巩固练习：
1．这个村子过去只有一口井。There was only a well in the village.2．客人当中有两名美国人和两名法国人。Among the guests there were two Americans and two Frenchmen.3．气象员说下午将有大风。The weatherman says there’ll be a strong wind in the afternoon.4．灯亮着，办公室里肯定有人。The light is on. There must be someone in the office.5．战前这儿曾有一家电影院.There used to be a cinema here before the war.6．恰好那时房里没人。There happened to be nobody in the room.7．从前，在海边的一个村子里住着一位老渔夫。Once, there lived an old fisherman in a village by the sea.8．公共汽车来了。There comes the bus.9．就只剩下二十八美元了。There remained only twenty –eight dollars.10．铃响了。There goes the bell.
